I updated my machine and saw these two post-install messages back to back: ( 1/40) upgrading jack-audio-connection-kit [#####################################################################################] 100% --> It is recommended to use qjackctl as a controlling frontend for the --> audio server. The extended rights for realtime capabilities can be --> granted based on groups or a per user base in --> /etc/security/limits.conf --> The audio server comes with a daemon script that runs it as root. --> Configuration happens in /etc/conf.d/jack-audio-connection-kit and is --> documented there. --> NOTE: Running jack as root to enable realtime capabilities isn't --> needed any longer. ( 2/40) upgrading ardour [#####################################################################################] 100% --> You need to have jack running before you start ardour. There are two ways --> to have ardour and jack running: --> - as root with realtime capabilities --> - as oridinary user without realtime capabilities --> You have to make sure, that ardour and jack run as the same user - mixing --> up fails. --> RUNNING AS ROOT IS ALWAYS A RISK FOR THE SECURITY! --> Also consider to use qjackctl to control jack. Note, that also qjackctl --> has to run as the same user as ardour. Don't forget to check out --> qjackctl's patchbay and read the docs from http://ardour.org ! So which one is it? Do I have to run jack and ardour as root or can I not? I'm pretty sure the jack message is more recent than the ardour one, so running jack non-root will work fine with ardour and still have realtime capabilities. Maybe we need to update the ardour post-install message. I just had a little laugh reading them both. Jason