I've bought a new HD to replace one that is starting to show problems intermittently. I'm planning to keep a very similar setup to what I have currently, which uses LVM on LUKS. Old HD has 512B physical sectors so alignment there was not a problem. New HD however is an advanced format drive, that means a 4kB sector size and 512B logical sector size, that's where problems can start. The reason I'm asking for input on this is because I can't confirm with a good degree of certainty if things are all properly aligned, by doing and write and readback test (1). Either my google fu is not working or it's hard to find information on this. In [1] the question is similar but there is no answer. The guide on [2] shows some commands with explicit alignment options but the guide is not very recent. In [3] there is some general information and some benchmarks, but no concrete information about lvm on luks. In the wiki there is also mention to explicit alignment options but it's related to SSDs so not the case for me. The only one that seems to get close is [5], by looking at /sys/block/sdXN/queue/minimum_io_size it says 4096. Also for all other layers after that /sys/block/dm-[0-9]/queue/minimum_io_size (one belongs to luks and otherers to lvm) it also says 4096 so I _suppose_ automatic detection might leave things properly aligned. Here's the sequence of commands I have used: -used fdisk to create 2 partitions, used the suggested defaults for start of partition -used cryptsetup to format sda2, didn't use any alignment options -opened the encrypted volume and used pvcreate on it, again didn't use any alignment options -used vgcreate to create a new VG and added the PV I created before -used lvcreate to create several logical volumes, didn't use any alignment options -used mkfs.ext4 to format the logical volumes, also no alignment options used. I can't be 100% sure things are all aligned because of the following: (1) The machines I'm using now don't have AES-NI capable cpus, maximum encryption and decryption speeds are lower than the maximum raw speed of the hard disk (around 100MB/s). The machine where I have the disk connected now can encrypt at 64.5 MiB/s and decrypt at 68.0 MiB/s according to cryptsetup benchmark. Using 'dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile bs=10M count=100' I get 59.6 MB/s and with 'dd if=testfile of=/dev/null bs=10M' I get 59.2 MB/s. These values lead me to believe that everything is properly aligned. Unaligned reads usually don't incur in much of a performance penalty, while unaligned writes should make things slow to a crawl. I would like to get some input from anyone with knowledge or hands on experience on this before I commit to transplanting everything from the current HD to the new one, better get this right the first time than to have to redo it later again. Sorry for the long post and thanks in advance for any input. [1] https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=169841 [2] http://danynativel.com/blog/2013/02/10/archlinux-installation-guide-on-encry... [3] http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-4kb-sector-disks/ [4] https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Lvm#Installing_Arch_Linux_on_LVM [5] http://serverfault.com/questions/356534/ssd-erase-block-size-lvm-pv-on-raw-d... -- Mauro Santos